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1.
Med. infant ; 30(1): 25-30, Marzo 2023. Tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1428039

ABSTRACT

En el año 2008 se creó el equipo de patrulla de catéteres para la colocación de catéteres percutáneos por punción directa para pacientes pediátricos en el Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, como estrategia para el cumplimiento de la terapia intravenosa. Diseño: Cohorte retrospectiva. Objetivo: evaluar resultados de la implementación de la patrulla de catéteres entre 2009 y 2013. Se analizaron factores asociados a complicaciones. Criterios de inclusión: catéteres colocados en unidades de cuidados intermedios por Enfermería de patrulla de catéteres en niños con edad entre 31 días a 17 años. Resultados: 2121 catéteres, 1,6 catéteres/paciente, edad mediana 6 años (r 1m- 17 años), permanencia mediana 9 días (7-12). Complicaciones más frecuentes: obstrucción 27,19%, desplazamiento 25,94%,ruptura 11,76%, traccionado por el paciente 11,08%, bacteriemia asociada a catéter 1,62 a 2,80 por 1000 días /catéter. La tasa de incidencia de complicaciones en los menores de 1 año fue 39,92 días catéter mientras que en los mayores de 1 año 31,14 días catéter; p=0,002, diámetro en fr y relación con complicaciones: 4fr 12,17 días/catéter, 3fr 24,25 días/catéter y 2fr 42,27dias/catéter, (p=0,000), no hubo diferencias según cantidad de lúmenes. Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la edad del paciente, el tipo de cuidado y contención inciden en las complicaciones. Los dispositivos de aseguramiento deberán estar acordes a las necesidades y características del niño (AU)


In 2008, the catheter patrol team was created for the placement of percutaneous catheters by direct puncture for pediatric patients at Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, as a strategy to increase compliance with intravenous therapy. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: to evaluate the results of the implementation of a catheter patrol between 2009 and 2013. Factors associated with complications were analyzed. Inclusion criteria: catheters placed in intermediate care units by catheter patrol nurses in children aged 31 days to 17 years. Results: 2121 catheters, 1.6 catheters/patient, median age 6 years (r 1m- 17 years), median stay 9 days (7-12). Most frequent complications: obstruction 27.19%, displacement 25.94%, rupture 11.76%, accidental pull-out by the patient 11.08%, catheter-associated bacteremia 1.62 to 2.80 per 1000 catheter-days. The incidence rate of complications in children under 1 year of age was 39.92 catheter-days while in those older than 1 year it was 31.14 catheter-days (p=0.002). Relationship between fr diameter and complications: 4fr 12.17 catheter-days, 3fr 24.25 catheter-days, and 2fr 42.27 catheter-days (p=0.000); there were no differences according to the number of lumens. Conclusions: the results of this study suggest that the age of the patient, the type of care, and containment have an impact on complications. Securement devices should be in agreement with the needs and characteristics of the child (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Catheterization, Peripheral/nursing , Catheterization, Peripheral/instrumentation , Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects , Catheters, Indwelling/statistics & numerical data , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies
2.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics ; (12): 43-48, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970234

ABSTRACT

Objective: To compare the dwelling time and complications of low lying umbilical venous catheterization (UVC) in preterm infants with that of central UVC. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. A total of 3 020 preterm infants from 44 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) who had UVC inserted from October 2019 to August 2021 were enrolled. Demographic and general baseline data, dwelling time of UVC and reasons for removal, complications and their occurrence time were collected. According to the position of the catheter tip, the preterm infants were divided into low lying UVC group (insertion depth of 3-5 cm) and central UVC group (the catheter tip was close to the entrance of right atrium, or at the 8th-9th thoracic vertebra level). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the dwelling time and incidence of complications (cases/1 000 catheter days), and the independent t test and Chi-square test were used to compare the characteristics between the 2 groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the optimal cut-off value of UVC dwelling time. Results: Among the included 3 020 preterm infants, 1 624 (53.8%) were males, the gestational age was 29.9 (28.4, 31.6) weeks, the birth weight was (1 264±301) g, and 2 172 (71.9%) premature babies had central UVC. There were no significant differences in the proportion of males, the gestational age and the birth weight of neonates between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in the rate of maternal history, PPROM>18 hours, chorioamnionitis, antenatal antibacterial angents exposure and antibacterial angents usage through UVC (all P>0.05). The dwelling time of central UVC was longer than that of low lying UVC (7 (6, 10) vs. 4 (3, 7) days, U=23.42, P<0.001). The complication incidence of central and low lying UVC were 20.0 and 70.8 cases/1 000 catheter days, respectively. The top 3 complications of central UVC were occlusion, catheter tip migration, and CLABSI (9.3, 3.5, 3.0 cases/1 000 catheter days). The top 3 complications of low lying UVC were catheter occlusion, CLABSI, and catheter tip migration (45.8, 6.3, 5.4 cases/1 000 catheter days). The ROC curve of UVC dwelling time and complications showed that the cut-off values ​​of central UVC and low lying UVC were 6.5 and 4.5 days, respectively. The 2 groups both showed a trend of increases in the 3 complications with the prolonged dwelling time. Cox regression analysis showed that the overall difference in the proportion of occlusion between the central UVC and low lying UVC groups was statistically significant (χ2=30.18, P=0.024). There were both no significant differences in catheter tip migration and CLABSI (both P>0.05). Conclusions: The most common UVC complication in preterm infants is occlusion. It is not recommended to keep a low lying UVC for longer than 4.5 days. During the whole dwelling period, a close monitoring for UVC complications is required.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Male , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Female , Infant , Infant, Premature , Birth Weight , Prospective Studies , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies
3.
Rev. chil. enferm ; 5(1)2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1435757

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La mitad de las instalaciones pediátricas de un catéter venoso periférico resultan ser en el contexto de un paciente, un acceso venoso difícil, definido como instalación de un catéter venoso periférico frustrado en la primera punción. Actualmente se utiliza como herramienta predictiva de acceso venoso difícil el DIVAscore, sin embargo, existen investigaciones que proponen nuevos factores asociados, surgiendo la necesidad de estudiarlos en profundidad. OBJETIVO: Identificar la prevalencia de factores asociados al acceso venoso difícil en pacientes pediátricos atendidos en el servicio de cirugía de un hospital en Chile, 2022. METODOLOGÍA: Investigación cuantitativa descriptiva transversal con muestreo intencionado. Fueron incluidos pacientes de edad entre 0a 14 años cumplidos con acceso venoso difícil. Para investigar estos antecedentes clínicos, se seleccionaron 5 de los más mencionados en la literatura: Obesidad, Diabetes, Anemia de Células Falciformes, Quimioterapia y Diálisis. Se utilizó una grilla de cotejo realizada Ad Hoc, los resultados fueron analizados mediante un software y el intervalo de confianza fue de 95%. RESULTADOS: La mediana de edad fue de 1 año, con un rango intercuartílico de 3. El antecedente evaluado más prevalente en los pacientes con acceso venoso difícil fue obesidad, presente en el 31% de la muestra y el segundo, fue anemia de células falciformes, presente en un 5%. CONCLUSIONES: Se evidenció una amplia diferencia entre las variables estudiadas, siendo obesidad la de mayor prevalencia; la investigación logró el propósito de aportar evidencia que ayude a la toma de decisiones para el cuidado del capital venoso del paciente.


INTRODUCTION: Half of the pediatric installations of a peripheral venous catheter turn out to be in the context of a patient, a difficult venous access, defined as the installation of a peripheral venous catheterfrustrated in the first puncture. Currently, the DIVAscore is used as a predictive tool for difficult venous access, however, there is research that proposes new associated factors, arising the need to study them in depth. AIM:To identify the prevalence of factors associated with difficult venous access in pediatric patients treated in the surgery service of a hospital in Chile, 2022. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional descriptive quantitative research with purposive sampling. Patients aged 0 to 14 years with difficult venous access were included. To investigate these clinical antecedents, 5 of the most mentioned in the literature were selected: Obesity, Diabetes, Sickle Cell Anemia, Chemotherapy and Dialysis. An Ad Hoc comparison grid was used, the results were analyzed using software and the confidence interval was 95%. RESULTS:The median age was 1 year, with an interquartile range of 3. The most prevalent antecedent evaluated in patients with difficult venous access was obesity, present in 31% of the sample and the second, was sickle cell anemia, present in 5%. CONCLUSIONS: A wide difference was evidenced between the variables studied, with obesity being the most prevalent; the research achieved the purpose of providing evidence that helps decision-making for the care of the patient's venous capital.


INTRODUÇÃO: Metade das instalações pediátricas de um cateter venoso periférico acaba por ser no contexto de um paciente, um acesso venoso difícil, definido como a instalação de um cateter venoso periférico frustrado na primeira punção. Atualmente, o DIVAscore é utilizado como ferramenta preditiva para acesso venoso difícil, entretanto, há pesquisas que propõem novos fatores associados, surgindo a necessidade de estudá-los a fundo. OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de fatores associados à dificuldade de acesso venoso em pacientes pediátricos atendidos no serviço de cirurgia de um hospital no Chile, 2022. METODOLOGIA: Pesquisa quantitativa descritiva transversal com amostragem intencional. Foram incluídos pacientes de 0 a 14 anos com acesso venoso difícil.Para investigar esses antecedentes clínicos, foram selecionados 5 dos mais citados na literatura: Obesidade, Diabetes, Anemia Falciforme, Quimioterapia e Diálise. Uma grade de comparação Ad Hoc foi usada, os resultados foram analisados usando software eo intervalo de confiança foi de 95%.RESULTADOS: A mediana de idade foi de 1 ano, com intervalo interquartil de 3. O antecedente mais prevalente avaliado em pacientes com acesso venoso difícil foi a obesidade, presente em 31% da amostra e o segundo, foi aanemia falciforme, presente em 5 %. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se ampla diferença entre as variáveis estudadas, sendo a obesidade a mais prevalente; A pesquisa atingiu o objetivo de fornecer evidências que auxiliem na tomada de decisão para o cuidado com o capital venoso do paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Catheterization, Peripheral/nursing , Pediatric Nursing , Surgery Department, Hospital , Chile , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment , Diabetes Mellitus , Dialysis , Evidence-Based Nursing , Vascular Access Devices , Hospitals , Anemia, Sickle Cell , Nursing Care , Obesity
4.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion ; (12): 741-746, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-939526

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of moxibustion combined with plucking technique at Jiquan (HT 1) for preventing peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related venous thrombosis in the upper limbs of malignant tumor patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 80 malignant tumor patients undergoing PICC were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each one. In the control group, the routine care for PICC was exerted. In the observation group, besides the routine care, moxibustion combined with plucking technique at Jiquan (HT 1) was added. Mild moxibustion was exerted along the venous distribution of PICC (avoiding the entry site) for 10 to 15 min, and then, the circling moxibustion was applied to Quchi (LI 11), Xuehai (SP 10) and Tianfu (LU 3), 3 to 5 min at each acupoint. Finally, plucking technique was given at Jiquan (HT 1) for 5 to 10 min. This combined therapy was intervened since the 2nd day of PICC placement, once daily, 5 times a week, for 3 weeks totally. The incidence of the PICC-related venous thrombosis in the upper limbs was compared between the two groups on day 42 of placement. On day 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 of PICC placement, the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and the end-diastolic velocity (EDV) of the subclavicular vein on the placement side were observed separately in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of the PICC-related venous thrombosis in the upper limbs in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (2.5% [1/40] vs 17.5% [7/40], P<0.05). From day 7 to 35 of PICC placement, PSV of the subclavicular vein on the placement side was higher than that on the day 2 of PICC placement in the observation group (P<0.05). On day 28 and 42 of PICC placement, PSV of the subclavicular vein on the placement side was lower than that on the day 2 of PICC placement in the control group (P<0.05). In the observation group, EDV of the subclavicular vein on the placement side was higher than that on the day 2 of PICC placement from day 7 to 28 of PICC placement (P<0.05). In the control group, EDV of the subclavicular vein on the placement side from day 28 to 42 of PICC placement was lower than that on the day 2 of PICC placement (P<0.05). From day 7 to 42 of PICC placement, PSV and EDV of the subclavicular vein on the placement side in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The combined treatment of moxibustion with plucking technique at Jiquan (HT 1) can effectively prevent PICC-related venous thrombosis in the upper limbs and improve venous blood flow velocity in malignant tumor patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Moxibustion/adverse effects , Neoplasms/complications , Upper Extremity , Venous Thrombosis/etiology
5.
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ; (12): 141-146, 2022.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-928579

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES@#To study the features of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) or central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) after peripherally inserted central catheterization (PICC) in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and the risk factors for CRBSI or CLABSI.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of the neonates who were treated and required PICC in the NICU of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from June 1, 2018 to May 1, 2020. The catheterization-related data were collected, including placement time, insertion site, removal time, and antimicrobial lock of PICC. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate the risk factors for CRBSI or CLABSI in the neonates.@*RESULTS@#A total of 446 neonates were enrolled, with a mean gestational age of (30.8±4.0) weeks, a mean birth weight of (1 580±810) g, a median age of 9 days, and a median duration of PICC of 18 days. The incidence rates of CLABSI and CRBSI were 5.6 and 1.46 per 1 000 catheter days, respectively. Common pathogens for CLABSI caused by PICC included Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=19) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=11), and those for CRBSI caused by PICC included Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=6). The risk of CLABSI caused by PICC increased significantly with prolonged durations of PICC and antibiotic use, and the PICC-related infection probability at head and neck was significantly lower than that in the upper and low limbs (P<0.05), while the above conditions were more obvious in neonates with a birth weight of <1 500 g. The risk of CRBSI caused by PICC decreased with the increase in gestational age (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#CRBSI and CLABSI remain serious issues in NICU nosocomial infection. The identification of the risk factors for CRBSI and CLABSI provides a basis for improving the quality of clinical care and management.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Catheter-Related Infections/etiology , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Central Venous Catheters/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sepsis/etiology
6.
Rev. chil. anest ; 50(5): 685-689, 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532566

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cannulation of a peripheral venous access is a routine procedure in pediatric patients admitted to the hospital. 50% of the time cannulation on the first attempt is not feasible, so it is necessary to repeat the puncture, resulting in a complex and frustrating procedure. Half of the children admitted to the hospital have a difficult venous access (DIVA). OBJECTIVE: To carry out a review, which provides information about DIVA in pediatrics, how to evaluate and proceed in these patients. DESIGN: DIVA Score considers vein palpability, vein visibility, age and history of prematurity. The score ranges from 0 to 10 points. Values greater than 4 are associated with difficult venous access. There are associated risk factors: obesity, musculoskeletal malformations, chemotherapy treatment, diabetes mellitus, patients on dialysis, limb edema, moderate to severe dehydration, history of difficult venous access, anxiety of the patient and/or parents report that the child is less likely to cooperate. When making the decision to establish a venous access, it should be evaluated whether it is an emergency or not, the characteristics of the medications and infusions, the time of therapy and the anatomical sites for puncture. Ultrasound and transillumination techniques decrease the time to obtain a venous access and increase the success rate on the first attempt. CONCLUSION: The decision to obtain a venous access must take into account the criteria and risk factors for DIVA. The most recognized scale is the DIVA Score.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La canulación de un acceso venoso periférico es un procedimiento rutinario en los pacientes pediátricos que ingresan al hospital. 50% de las veces la canulación al primer intento es frustra, por lo que es necesario repetir la punción resultando el procedimiento complejo y frustrante. La mitad de los niños que ingresa al hospital presentan un acceso venoso difícil (DIVA, sigla derivada de "difficult intravenous access"). OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión, que entrega información acerca de DIVA en pediatría, cómo evaluar y proceder en estos pacientes. DESARROLLO: DIVA Score considera palpabilidad y visibilidad venosa, edad y antecedente de prematurez. El puntaje va desde 0 a 10 puntos. Valores mayores a 4 se asocian a acceso venoso difícil. Existen factores de riesgo asociados: obesidad, malformaciones osteomusculares, tratamiento con quimioterapia, diabetes mellitus, pacientes en diálisis, edema de extremidades, deshidratación moderada a severa, historia de acceso venoso difícil, ansiedad del paciente y/o padres que refieren que el niño es poco probable que coopere. Al tomar la decisión de establecer un acceso venoso se debe evaluar si es urgencia o no, las características de los medicamentos e infusiones, tiempo de terapia y los sitios anatómicos para punción. La ultrasonografía y las técnicas de transiluminación disminuyen el tiempo de obtención del acceso venoso e incrementan la tasa de éxito en el primer intento. CONCLUSIÓN: En la decisión de obtener un acceso venoso se deben tener en cuenta los criterios y factores de riesgo de acceso venoso difícil. La escala más reconocida es el DIVA Score.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Catheterization, Peripheral/standards , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Decision Making , Administration, Intravenous
7.
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ; (12): 201-212, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-879835

ABSTRACT

Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) has been widely used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in recent years, but there are potential risks for complications related to PICC. Based on the current evidence in China and overseas, the operation and management guidelines for PICC in neonates were developed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) in order to help the NICU staff to regulate the operation and management of PICC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Catheters , China , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
8.
J. nurs. health ; 10(3): 20103003, jul.2020.
Article in Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1129505

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever características sociodemográficas e clínicas relacionadas ao uso dos cateteres venosos periféricos em pacientes de uma unidade clínica hospitalar. Método: descritivo, quantitativo, realizado em um Hospital Universitário do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com 50 pacientes em uso de dispositivo intravenoso periférico, de maio a julho de 2018 e de julho a setembro de 2019. Utilizou-se um formulário sobre o perfil dos pacientes e o processo de cateterização venoso. A análise foi por estatística descritiva. Resultados: predomínio de idosas, com diagnóstico relacionado ao sistema imunológico. Ocorreram 148 punções, com média de 2,7 por paciente. O tempo de permanência variou de menos de 24 horas a sete dias. A remoção dos cateteres foi eletiva seguida de complicações, como obstrução e flebite. Conclusão: o cuidado de enfermagem relacionado à terapia intravenosa é um desafio na instituição, revelando a necessidade de investimentos em educação continuada e permanente.(AU)


Objective: to describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics related to the use of peripheral venous catheters in patients in a hospital clinic ward. Method: descriptive, quantitative, carried out in a University Hospital in the State of Rio de Janeiro, with 50 inpatients using a peripheral intravenous device, from May to July 2018 and from July to September 2019. A form was used on the profile of the patients and the process of venous catheterization. The analysis was by descriptive statistics. Results: predominance of elderly patients with a diagnosis related to the immune system. There were 148 punctures, with an average of 2.7 per patient. Catheter residence time ranged from less than 24 hours to seven days. Withdrawal was elective form followed by complications, such as obstruction and phlebitis. Conclusion: nursing care related to intravenous therapy is a challenge in the institution, revealing the need for investments in continuing and permanent education.(AU)


Objetivo: describir características sociodemográficas y clínicas relacionadas con el uso de catéteres venosos periféricos en pacientes en hospital. Método: descriptivo, cuantitativo, realizado en Hospital Universitario del Estado de Río de Janeiro, con 50 pacientes hospitalizados que utilizan dispositivo intravenoso periférico, de mayo a julio de 2018 y de julio a septiembre de 2019. Se utilizó formulario sobre perfil de los pacientes y cateterismo venoso. El análisis fue por estadística descriptiva. Resultados: predominio de pacientes de edad avanzada con diagnóstico relacionado con el sistema inmune. Hubo 148 punciones, con un promedio de 2.7 por paciente. El tiempo de residencia del catéter varió de menos de 24 horas a siete días. La retirada fue electiva seguida de complicaciones, como obstrucción y flebitis. Conclusión: el cuidado de enfermería relacionado con la terapia intravenosa es un desafío en la institución, lo que revela la necesidad de inversiones en educación continua y permanente.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Catheterization, Peripheral/nursing , Hospitalization , Time Factors , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Nursing Care
10.
Rev. chil. anest ; 49(6): 915-918, 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512360

ABSTRACT

Arterial catheterization is a common procedure performed for invasive blood pressure as well as cardiac output monitoring and blood sampling for analysis. The fracture or embolization of arterial catheters are rare but serious complications, and may cause vascular thrombosis or occlusion. Ultrasound can be used to identify the intravascular fragment, however their removal may be complex. The authors report a case of intra-arterial catheter fracture in the radial artery, confirmed by ultrasound and surgically removed. This case may alert to be aware of this complication when using this invasive method, helping to prevent future complications for patients.


La introducción de un catéter arterial es un procedimiento realizado regularmente para evaluar la presión arterial invasiva, el gasto cardíaco y tomar muestras de sangre para su análisis. La fractura y la embolización de los catéteres arteriales son complicaciones poco frecuentes pero graves y pueden causar trombosis u oclusión de la arteria. La ecografía puede usarse para identificar el fragmento intravascular, pero la extracción puede ser compleja. Presentamos un caso de fractura intravascular del catéter de la arteria radial confirmada por ecografía y extirpada quirúrgicamente. Este caso señala la necesidad de prestar atención a esta complicación cuando se usa el monitoreo invasivo, para evitar complicaciones futuras para los enfermos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Device Removal , Foreign Bodies/surgery , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Rupture , Radial Artery/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Equipment Failure , Anesthetics/administration & dosage
11.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2020. 222 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1411299

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A temática do estudo é segurança na terapia infusional, tendo como foco os eventos adversos locais associados ao manejo de cateteres venosos periféricos pela equipe de enfermagem. A equipe de enfermagem é uma das principais responsáveis pela prática da terapia infusional, compreendendo os cuidados pertinentes à prática de inserção e manutenção dos cateteres venosos periféricos, tendo também papel diferenciador no processo de prevenção e mitigação da ocorrência de incidentes e erros provenientes dessa assistência. Problema do estudo: existe relação entre a ocorrência de eventos adversos locais e o manejo dos cateteres venosos periféricos? Objetivo geral: Analisar a ocorrência de eventos adversos e a associação com o manejo dos cateteres venosos periféricos conforme recomenda às melhores evidências científicas; Objetivos específicos: descrever o manejo dos cateteres venosos periféricos em uma unidade de internação cirúrgica; identificar a ocorrência de eventos adversos associados ao uso dos cateteres venosos periféricos; e verificar a associação entre a ocorrência de eventos adversos com o manejo dos cateteres venosos periféricos. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, quantitativo, longitudinal, prospectivo e analítico. Local da pesquisa foi um Hospital Universitário Federal localizado no município do Rio de Janeiro. A população foram os pacientes internados em uma unidade de internação cirúrgica em uso de cateter venoso periférico, selecionados a partir dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos. Instrumento de coleta de dados foi um formulário do tipo Checklist como roteiro de observação sistematizada e estruturada, com variáveis que contemplam o manejo do cateter venoso periférico, conforme orienta as melhores evidências científicas. Foram observados diariamente o manejo de 114 cateteres inseridos em 58 pacientes. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial, com a utilização do software Statistical Package for the Social Science®, e discutidos com base nas melhores evidências científicas. Os resultados evidenciados mostraram que a incidência acumulada global de evento adverso foi de 61,4%. Ocorrem no período médio de 15,4 até 70,6 horas após a inserção do cateter. A média global do tempo de sobrevivência do CVP até a ocorrência dos EA, estimadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier, foi de 64,1 horas, ou seja, estima-se que o paciente permaneça esse tempo em média, sem apresentar qualquer EA. O principal motivo para a remoção dos cateteres foi eletivo (27,2%), seguido de eventos adversos. Obstrução do cateter e flebite são os eventos adversos mais incidentes, sendo a incidência acumulada global de obstrução do cateter de 26,3%; a de flebite, de 26,3%; e infiltração foi verificada em 16,7%. Dentre os fatores de risco identificados neste estudo que predizem o desfecho dos EA locais, destacaram-se flebite associada com o ato de tocar o local da punção após realizar a antissepsia (p-valor=0,009 do teste χ2; OR 3,5 IC 1,3- 9,1); não aspirar o cateter (p-valor=0,004 do teste χ2; OR 7,0 IC 1,6-31,5); não utilizar máscara na manutenção (p-valor=0,003 do teste χ2), dentre as manutenções que tiveram o uso de máscara em todas as manutenções a incidência de flebite foi 0,0%; e não realizar pressão positiva na lavagem do cateter (p-valor=0,002 do teste χ2; OR 4,2 IC 1,6-10,8). Obstrução se mostrou mais incidente em cateteres inseridos em veias no dorso da mão, com 35,3% dos CVP. A infiltração tem mais chances de ocorrer quando administrado o antimicrobiano Cefazolina (p-valor=0,029 do teste exato de Fisher; OR 4,4 IC 1,2-15,9) e quando o flushing foi forçado (quando havia resistência na permeabilidade do CVP) (p-valor<0,001 do teste χ2; OR 7,4 IC 2,4-22,5). Conclui-se que a prática assistencial dos profissionais de enfermagem no manejo dos cateteres venosos periféricos está fortemente associada com a ocorrência de eventos adversos, que são considerados fatores modificáveis e preveníveis com boas práticas de manejo.


Introduction: The theme of the study is safety in infusional therapy, focusing on local adverse events associated with the practice of handling peripheral venous catheters by the nursing team. The nursing team is one of the main responsible for the practice of infusional therapy, comprising the care pertinent to the practice of insertion and maintenance of peripheral venous catheters, also having a differentiating role in the process of preventing and mitigating the occurrence of incidents and errors arising from this assistance. Study problem: Is there an association between the occurrence of local adverse events and the handling of peripheral venous catheters? General objective: To analyze the occurrence of adverse events and the association with the management of peripheral venous catheters as recommended by the best scientific evidence; Specific objectives: to describe the handling of peripheral venous catheters in a surgical hospitalization unit; to identify the occurrence of adverse events associated with the use of peripheral venous catheters; and to verify the association between the occurrence of adverse events and the practice of handling peripheral venous catheters. Method: Observational, quantitative, longitudinal, prospective, and analytical study. The research site was a Federal University Hospital located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The population consisted of patients admitted to a surgical inpatient unit using a peripheral venous catheter, selected from the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection instrument was a Checklist type form as a systematic and structured observation script, with variables that contemplate the practice of handling the peripheral venous catheter, as guided by the best scientific evidence. The handling of 114 catheters inserted in 58 patients was observed daily. The handling of 114 catheters inserted in 58 patients was observed daily. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through the Statistical Package for the Social Science® software and discussed based on the best scientific evidence. The evidenced results showed that the general accumulated incidence of adverse event was 61.4%. They occur in the average period of 15.4 to 70.6 hours after insertion of the catheter. The global average of the PVC survival time until the occurrence of the AE, estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, was 64.1 hours. Then, it is estimated that the patient remains for this time without presenting any AE. The main reason for removing the catheters was elective (27.2%), followed by adverse events. Catheter obstruction and phlebitis are the most incident adverse events, with the general cumulative incidence of catheter obstruction being 26.3%; of phlebitis, it was 26.3%; and the infiltration was observed in 16.7%. Among the risk factors identified in this study that predict the outcome of local AE, the following stand out: phlebitis associated with the act of touching the puncture site after performing antisepsis (p-value = 0.009 of the test χ2; OR 3.5 IC 1 , 3- 9,1); not performing catheter aspiration (p-value = 0.004 of the test χ2; OR 7.0 CI 1.6-31.5); not using a mask for maintenance (p-value = 0.003 of the test χ2), among the maintenance that had the use of a mask in all of them, the incidence of phlebitis was 0.0%; and when the positive pressure technique is not performed when washing the catheter (p-value = 0.002 of the test χ2; OR 4.2 CI 1.6-10.8). The obstruction was more prevalent in catheters inserted in veins on the back of the hand, with 35.3% of PVC. Infiltration is more likely to occur when the antimicrobial Cefazolin is administered (p-value = 0.029 of Fisher's exact test; OR 4.4 IC 1.2-15.9) and when flushing was forced (when there was resistance in the permeability of the PVC) (p-value <0.001 of the χ2 test; OR 7.4 CI 2.4-22.5). We conclude that the care practice of nursing professionals in the handling of peripheral venous catheters is strongly associated with the occurrence of adverse events, which are considered modifiable and preventable factors through good handling practices.


Introducción: El tema del estudio es la seguridad en la terapia de infusión, enfocándose en los eventos adversos locales asociados al manejo de catéteres venosos periféricos por parte del equipo de enfermería. El equipo de enfermería es uno de los principales responsables de la práctica de la terapia infusional, comprendiendo los cuidados pertinentes a la práctica de inserción y mantenimiento de catéteres venosos periféricos, teniendo además un papel diferenciador en el proceso de prevención y mitigación de la ocurrencia de incidencias y errores derivados de esta asistencia. Problema de estudio: ¿existe relación entre la aparición de eventos adversos locales y el manejo de catéteres venosos periféricos? Objetivo general: Analizar la ocurrencia de eventos adversos y la asociación con el manejo de catéteres venosos periféricos según lo recomendado por la mejor evidencia científica; Objetivos específicos: describir el manejo de catéteres venosos periféricos en una unidad de hospitalización quirúrgica; identificar la ocurrencia de eventos adversos asociados con el uso de catéteres venosos periféricos; y verificar la asociación entre la ocurrencia de eventos adversos y el manejo de catéteres venosos periféricos. Metodología: Estudio observacional, cuantitativo, longitudinal, prospectivo y analítico. El sitio de investigación fue un Hospital Universitario Federal ubicado en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. La población estuvo constituida por pacientes ingresados en una unidad de internación quirúrgica mediante catéter venoso periférico, seleccionados a partir de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue un formulario tipo Lista de verificación como un guión de observación sistemático y estructurado, con variables que contemplan el manejo del catéter venoso periférico, guiado por la mejor evidencia científica. Se observó diariamente el manejo de 114 catéteres insertados en 58 pacientes. Los datos fueron analizados usando estadística descriptiva e inferencial, usando el software Statistical Package for the Social Science®, y discutidos con base en la mejor evidencia científica. Los resultados evidenciados mostraron que la incidencia global acumulada de eventos adversos fue del 61,4%. Ocurren en el período promedio de 15,4 a 70,6 horas después de la inserción del catéter. La media global del tiempo de supervivencia de la PVC hasta la ocurrencia del EA, estimado por el método de Kaplan-Meier, fue de 64,1 horas, es decir, se estima que el paciente permanece en promedio, sin presentar ningún EA. La principal razón para retirar los catéteres fue electiva (27,2%), seguida de los eventos adversos. La obstrucción del catéter y la flebitis son los eventos adversos más incidentes, con una incidencia acumulada global de obstrucción del catéter del 26,3%; el de flebitis, 26,3%; y se observó infiltración en el 16,7%. Entre los factores de riesgo identificados en este estudio que predicen el resultado de EA local, la flebitis asociada al acto de tocar el sitio de punción después de realizar la antisepsia (valor de p = 0,009 de la prueba de χ²; OR 3,5 IC 1 , 3-9,1); no aspirar el catéter (valor p = 0,004 de la prueba de χ²; OR 7,0 IC 1,6-31,5); no usar mascarilla para mantenimiento (valor p = 0,003 de la prueba de χ²), entre los mantenimientos que tuvieron el uso de mascarilla en todo mantenimiento, la incidencia de flebitis fue de 0,0%; y no realizar presión positiva al lavar el catéter (valor p = 0,002 de la prueba de χ²; OR 4,2 IC 1,6-10,8). La obstrucción fue más prevalente en los catéteres insertados en las venas del dorso de la mano, con un 35,3% de PVC. Es más probable que se produzca infiltración cuando se administra el antimicrobiano cefazolina (valor de p = 0,029 de la prueba exacta de Fisher; OR 4,4 IC 1,2-15,9) y cuando el enjuague fue forzado (cuando hubo resistencia en la permeabilidad del CVP) (valor de p <0,001 de la prueba de χ²; OR 7,4 IC 2,4-22,5). Se concluye que la práctica asistencial de los profesionales de enfermería en el manejo de catéteres venosos periféricos está fuertemente asociada a la ocurrencia de eventos adversos, los cuales son considerados factores modificables y prevenibles con buenas prácticas de manejo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Infusions, Intravenous/adverse effects , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Inpatient Care Units , Phlebitis/complications , Catheterization, Peripheral/nursing , Hand Disinfection , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Longitudinal Studies , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Patient Safety , Catheter Obstruction/adverse effects , Nurse Practitioners/psychology
12.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 73(4): e20190300, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1101524

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: to translate, adapt and validate the PIV Infiltration Scale content into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: a methodological study. Initial translation was performed by two bilingual translators, translation synthesis; backtranslation to the original language; elaboration of the translated version and adapted by expert consensus; content validation and pretest. Results: the Pediatric PIV Infiltration Scale has been translated and adapted. Discrepancies were sorted out by consensus. The scale content was validated by nine experts, reaching a global content validity index of 0.95. Pretest was performed by applying the scale to 33 intravenous device insertion sites of 17 newborns and 16 children. The predominant infiltration grades were 2 and 3. Conclusions: the Pediatric PIV Infiltration Scale's translated version achieved equivalence to Brazilian Portuguese and was validated by experts.


RESUMEN Objetivos: traducir, adaptar y validar el contenido de la PIV Infiltration Scale al portugués brasileño. Métodos: estudio metodologico. La traducción inicial fue realizada por dos traductores bilingües, síntesis de traducción; traducción al idioma original; elaboración de la versión traducida y adaptada por consenso de expertos; validación de contenido y pretest. Resultados: la PIV Infiltration Scale pediátrica ha sido traducida y adaptada. Las discrepancias se resolvieron por consenso. El contenido de la escala fue validado por nueve expertos, alcanzando un índice de validez de contenido global de 0.95. La prueba preliminar se realizó aplicando la escala a 33 sitios de inserción de dispositivos intravenosos de 17 recién nacidos y 16 niños. Los grados de infiltración predominantes fueron 2 y 3. Conclusiones: la versión traducida de la PIV Infiltration Scale pediátrica logró equivalencia con el portugués brasileño y fue validada por expertos.


RESUMO Objetivos: traduzir, adaptar e validar o conteúdo da PIV Infiltration Scale para o português brasileiro. Métodos: estudo metodológico. Foram realizadas tradução inicial por dois tradutores bilingues, síntese da tradução; tradução de volta ao idioma original; elaboração da versão traduzida e adaptada por consenso de especialistas; validação do conteúdo e pré-teste. Resultados: a Pediatric PIV Infiltration Scale foi traduzida e adaptada. As discrepâncias foram resolvidas por consenso. O conteúdo da escala foi validado por nove especialistas, alcançando índice global de validade de conteúdo de 0,95. O pré-teste foi realizado através da aplicação da escala em 33 locais de inserção de dispositivos intravenosos de 17 recém-nascidos e 16 crianças. Os graus de infiltração predominantes foram o 2 e 3. Conclusões: a versão traduzida da escala Pediatric PIV Infiltration Scale alcançou equivalência ao português brasileiro e foi validada por especialistas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pediatrics/instrumentation , Infusions, Intravenous/adverse effects , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Translational Research, Biomedical , Pediatrics/methods , Translating , Infusions, Intravenous/methods , Brazil , Catheterization, Peripheral/methods , Reproducibility of Results
13.
Online braz. j. nurs. (Online) ; 18(4)dez. 2019. tab
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1123575

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência do tempo de atuação de enfermeiros em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal ou pediátrica no conhecimento sobre inserção e manuseio do cateter central de inserção periférica. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, com 22 enfermeiros de terapia intensiva neonatal e pediátrica. Utilizou-se instrumento estruturado, produzido com base nas Diretrizes Práticas para Terapia Infusional. RESULTADOS: A mediana do tempo de formação foi de 9 anos e a do tempo de atuação em neonatologia ou pediatria foi de 8 anos. O tempo de atuação mostrou diferença significativa quanto ao conhecimento sobre "posicionamento do paciente para mensuração do comprimento do cateter" (p=0,010) e "Equipamentos de Proteção Individual preconizados para a troca de curativos" (p=0,004), sendo a maior proporção de acertos pelos enfermeiros com menor tempo de atuação. CONCLUSÃO: O tempo de atuação mostrou pouca influência no conhecimento dos profissionais. É relevante investir na educação continuada visando uma assistência mais segura.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of nurses' working time in a neonatal or pediatric intensive care unit on the knowledge about insertion and handling of the peripheral insertion central catheter. METHOD: A cross-sectional study conducted with 22 neonatal and pediatric intensive care nurses. A structured instrument was used, produced based on the Practice Guidelines for Infusional Therapy. RESULTS: The median of training time was 9 years and that of working time in neonatology or pediatrics was 8 years. The length of practice showed a significant difference regarding knowledge about "patient positioning for catheter length measurement" (p=0.010) and "Personal Protective Equipment recommended for dressing changes" (p=0.004), the largest proportion of correct answers being by nurses with shorter working time. CONCLUSION: Time of work showed little influence on the knowledge of the professionals. It is important to invest in continuing education for a safer care.


OBJETIVO: Analizar la influencia del tiempo de trabajo de las enfermeras en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales o pediátricos en el conocimiento sobre la inserción y el manejo del catéter central de inserción periférica. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal realizado con 22 enfermeras de cuidados intensivos neonatales y pediátricos. Se utilizó un instrumento estructurado, elaborado en base a las Directrices prácticas para la Terapia de infusión. RESULTADOS: El tiempo medio de formación fue de 9 años y el de trabajo en neonatología o pediatría fue de 8 años. La duración de la práctica evidenció una diferencia significativa con respecto al conocimiento sobre "posicionamiento del paciente para medir la longitud del catéter" (p=0,010) y "Equipo de Protección Personal recomendado para los cambios de apósito" (p=0,004), con la mayor proporción de respuestas correctas en enfermeros con menor tiempo de trabajo. CONCLUSIÓN: El tiempo de trabajo evidenció escasa influencia en el conocimiento de los profesionales. Es importante invertir en educación continua para una atención más segura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Practice , Catheterization, Peripheral/nursing , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Catheters , Nurses , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Catheterization, Peripheral/methods , Punctures , Cross-Sectional Studies , Education, Nursing, Continuing , Catheters/adverse effects
14.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(6): 1512-1518, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1042199

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to create, apply and analyze in clinical practice the effectiveness of a bundle to prevent peripheral vascular trauma to approach the peripheral venous puncture process. Method: action research with 435 adult participants in an emergency service from 2011 to 2013. Creation of the bundle for prevention of vascular trauma based on scientific evidence, ease of operation, observation and measurement with implantation through an educational intervention of the team of nursing. Effectiveness analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using chi-square. Consecutive sample with 95% confidence interval. Results: Five stages of the bundle were related to the catheter fixation, permanence and removal process. The incidence of vascular traumas due to vein punctures reduced by 46.41% after implantation of the bundle to prevent vascular trauma associated with emergency peripheral catheterization. Conclusion: The bundle in clinical practice reduced vascular traumas by venipuncture.


RESUMEN Objetivo: crear, aplicar y analizar en la práctica clínica la efectividad de un paquete para prevenir el traumatismo vascular periférico para abordar el proceso de punción venosa periférica. Método: investigación de acción con 435 participantes adultos en un servicio de emergencia de 2011 a 2013. Creación del paquete para la prevención de traumas vasculares basado en evidencia científica, facilidad de operación, observación y medición con implantación a través de una intervención educativa del equipo de enfermería. Efectividad analizada mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial utilizando chi-cuadrado. Muestra consecutiva con intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Cinco etapas del paquete se relacionaron con la fijación del catéter, la permanencia y el proceso de extracción. La incidencia de traumas vasculares se redujo en un 46,41% después de la implantación del haz para prevenir traumatismos vasculares asociados con cateterismo. Conclusión: el paquete en la práctica clínica redujo los traumas vasculares por venopunción.


RESUMO Objetivo: criar e aplicar um bundle na prática clínica e analisar sua efetividade para prevenção de trauma vascular periférico para abordagem do processo de punção venosa periférica. Método: pesquisa-ação com 435 participantes adultos num serviço de urgência, no período de 2011 a 2013. Criação do bundle para prevenção de trauma vascular baseada em evidências científicas, com facilidade de operacionalização, observação, mensuração e implantação por meio de uma intervenção educativa da equipe de enfermagem. Efetividade analisada por estatística descritiva e inferencial, usando o qui-quadrado. Amostra consecutiva com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: foram realizadas cinco etapas do bundle relacionadas ao processo de fixação, permanência e remoção do cateter. Houve redução de 46,41% na incidência de traumas vasculares após a implantação do bundle para prevenção de trauma vascular associado ao cateterismo periférico em urgência. Conclusão: o bundle, na prática clínica, reduziu a ocorrência de traumas vasculares decorrentes de punção venosa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Catheterization, Peripheral/methods , Phlebotomy/adverse effects , Emergency Service, Hospital , Vascular System Injuries/prevention & control , Patient Care Bundles/methods , Nursing Assessment/methods , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Chi-Square Distribution , Confidence Intervals , Emergencies , Middle Aged
15.
Ribeirão Preto; s.n; 2019. 50 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1380810

ABSTRACT

Conhecer o cenário da microbiota proveniente de hemoculturas de uma instituição de saúde, bem como implementar medidas para o enfrentamento da Infecção da Corrente Sanguínea (ICS) Associada ao Cateter Venoso Central (CVC) são medidas essenciais para a melhoria da qualidade e segurança da assistência prestada aos pacientes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os casos de infecção por bactérias isoladas em hemoculturas de um hospital filantrópico antes e após a implementação de um pacote de medidas para a prevenção de Infecção Primária da Corrente Sanguínea Laboratorial Relacionada ao Cateter Venoso Central (IPCSL/CVC) durante o período de 2014 a 2017. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e transversal com dados obtidos a partir de um hospital filantrópico. A maior frequência de distribuição da infecção hospitalar da instituição foi relacionada ao acesso vascular (60,6%) quando comparada com as outras infecções (39,4%) classificadas como do sítio cirúrgico, do trato respiratório e do trato urinário. Após a implementação do pacote de medidas para prevenção de IPCSL/CVC, ocorreu um decréscimo na densidade de incidência de IPCSL/CVC de 23 para 9,2 para cada 1.000 cateteres/dia, todavia um aumento da incidência de IPCSL do acesso vascular periférico de 22,4 para 45,3 para cada 1.000 cateteres/dia. Houve também uma redução nas densidades de incidência de IPCSL/CVC na UTI de 26 para 3,7 para cada 1.000 CVC/dia, bem como na UHR de 86 para 41,1 para cada 1.000 CVC/dia. Antes da implementação do pacote de medidas para prevenção de IPCSL/CVC, as bactérias isoladas foram Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) e Staphylococcus sensível à meticilina (MSSA). Por outro lado, o isolamento e o perfil de suscetibilidade das bactérias após a implementação do pacote de medidas para prevenção de IPCSL/CVC evidenciaram MRSA, MSSA, Klebsiliella pneumoniae resistente à polimixina e Escherichia coli sensível aos carbapenêmicos e resistente às cefalosporinas de amplo espectro (terceira e/ou quarta gerações). Em conclusão, a implementação do pacote de medidas para prevenção de IPCSL/CVC reduziu, nesta instituição, as densidades de infecção relacionada ao CVC nas unidades de terapia intensiva e de hemodiálise renal. Além disso, houve uma alteração quanto ao tipo e perfil de suscetibilidade da microbiota nas hemoculturas dos pacientes


To know the microbiota setting from blood cultures from a health institution as well as implementing measures for coping Bloodstream Infections (BSI) Associated to Central Venous Catheter (CVC) are essential measures for quality and security improvement of patient health care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the infection cases by bacteria isolated from blood cultures from a philanthropic hospital before and after the implementation of a package of measures for the prevention of Primary Infection of Laboratory Bloodstream Related to Central Venous Catheter (PILB/CVC) during the period 2014 to 2017. It is a retrospective and transversal study with data obtained from a philanthropic hospital. The highest distribution frequency of hospital infection in the institution was related to vascular access (60.6%) when compared with the others (39.4%) classified as surgical site, respiratory tract and urinary tract infections. After the implementation of the package of measures for prevention of PILB/CVC, a decrease in incidence density of PILB/CVC of 23 to 9.2 to every 1,000 catheters/day occurred, but an increase in incidence of PILB of peripheral vascular access of 22.4 to 45.3 to every 1,000 catheters/day. There is also a reduction in incidence densities of PILB/CVC in intensive care unit of 26 to 3.7 for every 1,000 CVC/day. Before the implementation of the package of measures for prevention of PILB/CVC, the isolated bacteria were Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus (MSSA). On the other hand, the isolation and susceptibility profile after the implementation of the package of measures for prevention of PILB/CVC evidenced MRSA, MSSA, polymyxin-resistant Klebsiliella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli sensitive to carbapenems and resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins (third and/or forth generations). In conclusion, the implementation of the package of measures for prevention of PILB/CVC reduced, in this institution, the infection densities related to CVC in the intensive care and renalhemodialysis units. Moreover, there is a change in type and profile of microbiota susceptibility in patient blood cultures


Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Catheterization, Central Venous , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Cross Infection/prevention & control
16.
Acta cir. bras ; 34(8): e201900804, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038125

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose To develop a rabbit model of a short peripheral catheter (SPC) and to observe the effects of different flushing methods on blood vessels. Methods Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (A, B, and C), with ten rabbits per group. In group A, we used pulsed flush; in group B, we used uniform flush; and no treatment was used in group C. Results We observed that a uniform flush reduced blockage, phlebitis, and exudation compared to a pulsed flush by visual observation. The histopathological examination found that the morphological changes in group A were more severe than in group B and C related to loss of venous endothelial cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, edema, epidermal and chondrocyte degeneration, except for the thrombosis on group B that was more serious than in group A, especially in the distal side of puncture points. The distal region of groups A and B had more inflammatory cell infiltration than the proximal region. Thrombosis was more severe in the distal region than in the proximal region in group B. Conclusions The uniform flush produced less damage to the vascular endothelium and surrounding tissues and was superior to the pulsed flush. However, the uniform flush is prone to thrombosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Blood Vessels/pathology , Catheterization, Peripheral/methods , Phlebitis/etiology , Regional Blood Flow , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Endothelium, Vascular/pathology , Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure , Random Allocation , Endothelial Cells , Disease Models, Animal , Ear/blood supply
17.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 45(3): e1818, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-956563

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar a incidência de derrame pericárdico com tamponamento cardíaco em recém-natos prematuros em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, com ênfase na relação entre o derrame pericárdico e a inserção de cateter central de inserção periférica, e avaliar o papel da ultrassonografia à beira do leito na abordagem desses casos. Métodos: análise retrospectiva dos pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, entre julho de 2014 e dezembro de 2016, que apresentaram derrame pericárdico com repercussão hemodinâmica, avaliados por ultrassonografia. Resultados: foram estudados 426 pacientes admitidos na unidade neonatal de cinco leitos, com realização 285 ultrassonografias à beira do leito. Foram encontrados seis casos de derrame pericárdico, sendo quatro casos com choque obstrutivo e necessidade de realização de drenagem pericárdica, sem mortalidade relacionada ao procedimento e com melhora hemodinâmica em todos os pacientes após o procedimento. A incidência de derrame pericárdico foi de 2,4 casos por ano. Conclusão: a incidência de derrame pericárdico é baixa em neonatos, porém o diagnóstico precoce é fundamental devido à alta morbimortalidade, especialmente nos casos de instalação abrupta. Todos os casos foram diagnosticados pela ultrassonografia à beira do leito, demonstrando sua importância no rastreio desses casos, especialmente em nos quadros de choque de etiologia incerta e neonatos com instabilidade hemodinâmica de início súbito que estão em uso de acesso venoso central.


ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the incidence of pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade in preterm infants in a pediatric intensive care unit, with emphasis on the relationship between pericardial effusion and peripherally inserted central catheter, and to evaluate the role of bedside ultrasound in approaching these cases. Methods: we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit between July 2014 and December 2016, who presented pericardial effusion with hemodynamic repercussion, evaluated by ultrasonography. Results: we studied 426 patients admitted to the five beds of the neonatal unit. In the period, there were 285 bedside ultrasound exams. We found six cases of pericardial effusion, four of which with obstructive shock and need for pericardial drainage. There was no procedure-related mortality, and all patients evolved with hemodynamic improvement after the procedure. The incidence of pericardial effusion was 2.4 cases per year. Conclusion: the incidence of pericardial effusion is low in neonates, but early diagnosis is fundamental due to high morbidity and mortality, especially in cases of abrupt onset. All cases were diagnosed by bedside ultrasonography, demonstrating its importance in the screening of these cases, especially in shocks of uncertain etiology and neonates with sudden onset hemodynamic instability who are using central venous access.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Pericardial Effusion/etiology , Pericardial Effusion/diagnostic imaging , Infant, Premature , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Echocardiography/methods , Cardiac Tamponade/etiology , Cardiac Tamponade/diagnostic imaging , Pericardial Effusion/therapy , Pericardial Effusion/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiac Tamponade/therapy , Cardiac Tamponade/epidemiology , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Point-of-Care Systems , Hemodynamics
18.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 26: e3002, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-901933

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the incidence rate and risk factors for the nursing-sensitive indicators phlebitis and infiltration in patients with peripheral venous catheters (PVCs). Method: cohort study with 110 patients. Scales were used to assess and document phlebitis and infiltration. Socio-demographic variables, clinical variables related to the PVC, medication and hospitalization variables were collected. Descriptive and inferential analysis and multivariate logistic models were used. Results: the incidence rate of phlebitis and infiltration was respectively 43.2 and 59.7 per 1000 catheter-days. Most PVCs with these vascular traumas were removed in the first 24 hours. Risk factors for phlebitis were: length of hospital stay (p=0.042) and number of catheters inserted (p<0.001); risk factors for infiltration were: piperacillin/tazobactan (p=0.024) and the number of catheters inserted (p<0.001). Conclusion: the investigation documented the incidence of nursing-sensitive indicators (phlebitis and infiltration) and revealed new risk factors related to infiltration. It also allowed a reflection on the nursing care necessary to prevent these vascular traumas and on the indications and contraindications of the PVC, supporting the implementation of the PICC as an alternative to PVC.


RESUMO Objetivo: determinar a taxa de incidência e os fatores de risco para os indicadores sensíveis aos cuidados de Enfermagem, flebite e infiltração, em pacientes portadores de cateteres venosos periféricos (CVPs). Método: estudo de coorte com 110 pacientes. Utilizou-se escalas para avaliar e documentar flebite e infiltração. Recolheram-se variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, relativas ao CVP, à medicação e à internação, bem como efetuou-se análise descritiva e inferencial, e modelação logística multivariada. Resultados: a taxa de incidência de flebite e infiltração foi de 43,2 e 59,7 por mil cateteres-dia, respectivamente. A maioria dos CVPs foi removida nas primeiras 24h devido a esses traumas vasculares. Foram fatores de risco para flebite o tempo de internação (p=0,042) e o número de cateteres inseridos (p<0,001), sendo para infiltração a piperacilina/tazobactan (p=0,024) e o número de cateteres inseridos (p<0,001). Conclusão: a investigação documentou a incidência de indicadores sensíveis aos cuidados de Enfermagem (flebite e infiltração) e evidenciou novos fatores de risco relacionados à infiltração. Possibilitou, também, uma reflexão sobre os cuidados de Enfermagem para prevenir esses traumas vasculares, as indicações e as contraindicações do CVP, tendo subsidiada a implementação do PICC nas práticas de Enfermagem como alternativa ao CVP.


RESUMEN Objetivos: determinar la tasa de incidencia y los factores de riesgo para los indicadores sensibles a los cuidados de Enfermería, flebitis e infiltración, en pacientes portadores de catéteres venosos periféricos (CVPs). Método: se trata de un estudio de cohorte entre 110 pacientes. Se utilizaron escalas para evaluar y documentar la flebitis y la infiltración. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, relativas al CVP, a la medicación y a la internación. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial, y modelación logística multivariada. Resultados: la tasa de incidencia de flebitis e infiltración fue de 43,2 y 59,7 por mil catéteres-día, respectivamente. Se removió la mayoría de los CVPs en las primeras 24 horas debido a dichos traumas vasculares. Los factores de riesgo para la flebitis fueron: el tiempo de internación (p=0,042) y el número de catéteres insertados (p<0,001); para la infiltración: la piperacilina/tazobactan (p=0,024) y el número de catéteres insertados (p<0,001). Conclusión: la investigación documentó la incidencia de indicadores sensibles a los cuidados de Enfermería (flebitis e infiltración) y evidenció nuevos factores de riesgo relacionados con la infiltración. Posibilitó, también, una reflexión sobre los cuidados de Enfermería para prevenir los traumas vasculares y sobre las indicaciones y contraindicaciones del CVP, con la implantación del PICC auxiliando en las prácticas de Enfermería como alternativa del CVP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Phlebitis/etiology , Phlebitis/epidemiology , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials/etiology , Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies
19.
Rev. eletrônica enferm ; 20: 1-10, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-964361

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se identificar os fatores determinantes da remoção não eletiva do cateter central de inserção periférica em recém-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Estudo transversal, realizado em uma maternidade referência no atendimento materno-infantil de alto risco situada no Nordeste do Brasil. A coleta foi realizada com 108 neonatos e ocorreu no período de fevereiro a novembro de 2016. Observou-se a prevalência de neonatos do sexo masculino (60,19%), nascidos de parto cesárea (74,07%) e baixo peso ao nascer (29,62%). A remoção não eletiva ocorreu em 41,66% neonatos por infiltração (12,03%), tração acidental (11,11%), ruptura externa (9,25%), oclusão (5,55%), mau posicionamento (1,85%) e suspeita de infecção (1,85%). A prevalência e os fatores de remoção não eletiva indicam a necessidade de estratégias por parte da Enfermagem na prevenção de complicações evitáveis relacionadas ao cateter, destacando-se a capacitação e aprimoramento de habilidades quanto à inserção, manutenção, retirada e observação desse dispositivo.


The objective was to identify the determinant factors of the non-elective removal of the peripherally inserted central catheter in newborns admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. A cross-sectional study conducted in reference maternity for high-risk maternal-infant attention located in Northeastern Brazil. The data collection was conducted with 108 neonates during February to November 2016. We observed the prevalence of male neonates (60.19%), born from cesarean section birth (74.07%) and low weight at birth (29.62%). The non-elective removal occurred in 41.66% neonates by infiltration (12.03%), accidental traction (11.11%), external rupture (9.25%), occlusion (5.55%), bad positioning (1.85%) and infection suspicion (1.85%). The prevalence and non-elective removal factors indicated the need for Nursing strategies to prevent avoidable complications catheter-related, noting the training and improvement of abilities regarding insertion, maintenance, removal and, observation of this device.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Catheterization, Peripheral/methods , Neonatal Nursing , Device Removal , Intensive Care, Neonatal
20.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 34(4): 319-325, ago. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899718

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: No hay criterios establecidos para distinguir las flebitis de causa infecciosa de las no infecciosas. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de un programa de intervención en la tasa de flebitis de tipo infecciosa (asociada a bacteriemia sin otro foco o pus local) y no infecciosa (el resto). Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio intervencional en tres etapas: diagnóstico de situación basal, intervención y evaluación. Resultados: Se detectaron 10 casos de flebitis infecciosa y 186 no infecciosas. Las flebitis infecciosas disminuyeron con la intervención (0,2 a 0,04 eventos por 1.000 días camas; p = 0,02) pero no las no infecciosas (2,3 a 2,3 por 1.000 días camas). Cinco casos con flebitis infecciosa tuvieron bacteriemia, uno de ellos con endocarditis y reemplazo valvular y otro con shock séptico y desenlace fatal. Ninguno de los casos en el grupo no infeccioso se complicó o falleció. Las flebitis infecciosas se presentaron más tarde que las otras (4,1 versus 2,4 días; p = 0,007) y se asociaron a fiebre (40% vs 5,9%, p = 0,004). Las flebitis no infecciosas se asociaron al uso de compuestos irritantes (OR 6,1; IC95 1,3-29, p < 0,05). Conclusiones: El programa demostró un impacto favorable para disminuir sólo las flebitis de tipo infecciosa. La distinción parece ser relevante porque las infecciosas se asocian a fiebre, complicaciones o letalidad, parecen responder a programas de prevención y son más tardías.


Background: There is no consensus definition to distinguish infectious from non-infectious phlebitis associated to peripheral venous catheter. Aims: To evaluate the impact of an intervention program on the rate of infectious (those associated to bacteremia or local purulent discharge) and non-infectious phlebitis (the rest) and identify differential features. Methods: Interventional study developed in three stages: basal measurement, intervention, and evaluation. Results: Ten infectious and 186 non-infectious phlebitis were registered. Infectious phlebitis diminished after intervention (0.2 to 0.04 events per 1,000 bed-days; p = 0.02) but not the rest (2.3 per 1,000 bed-days before and after). Five of 10 patients with infectious phlebitis had bacteremia, one with infectious endocarditis and valve replacement, and other with septic shock and a fatal outcome. None of the patients in the non-infectious group presented complications. Infectious phlebitis appeared later (mean 4.1 versus 2.4 days; p = 0.007) and were associated to fever (40% vs 5.9%, p = 0.004). Non-infectious phlebitis was associated to irritating compounds (OR 6.1; IC95 1.3-29, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The intervention program demonstrated a favorable impact only on the rate of infectious phlebitis. Distinction appears to be relevant because those of infectious origin are associated with fever, complications or death, respond to an intervention program, and emerge lately.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Phlebitis/etiology , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Equipment Contamination/prevention & control , Catheter-Related Infections/prevention & control , Phlebitis/classification , Device Removal
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